How to Get a Work Permit in Canada

Do You Need a Work Permit?

Most foreign nationals who wish to work in Canada require a work permit. Limited exemptions exist — including certain business visitors, intra-company transferees in specific circumstances, and some professionals under trade agreements — but if you plan to work for a Canadian employer, a work permit is almost certainly required.

Two Types of Work Permits

Open Work Permit: Allows you to work for any employer in Canada for a specified period — not tied to a specific employer. Open work permits are available to specific categories including: spouses or common-law partners of skilled workers or international students, international graduates of Canadian post-secondary institutions, and participants in certain exchange programs.

Employer-Specific Work Permit: Ties you to a specific employer, location, and often occupation. Your employer typically needs a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) first.

What Is an LMIA?

A Labour Market Impact Assessment is a document from Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) confirming no Canadian citizen or permanent resident was available to fill the job. The employer applies for the LMIA before the foreign worker applies for a work permit.

LMIA Exemptions

Many work permits are LMIA-exempt under international agreements. Americans and Mexicans under CUSMA, intra-company transferees, and significant beneficiaries may all be exempt.

Processing Times

Work permit processing times vary significantly depending on your country of residence, the type of permit, and current IRCC workloads. Visa-exempt applicants may be able to apply at the Canadian border. Check the IRCC website for current processing times before planning.

Working Without a Valid Permit

Working in Canada without valid work authorization is a serious violation of immigration law and can result in removal and future inadmissibility. Always ensure your permit is current and covers your specific employment before starting work.