Many people wrongly believe that being fired automatically disqualifies them from Employment Insurance (EI). This is not the case. Whether you can collect EI after being fired depends on the reason for your dismissal.
EI Disqualification: Misconduct
You may be disqualified from EI benefits if you were fired for "misconduct" — meaning deliberate or wilful behaviour that you knew or should have known would result in dismissal. Examples include theft, fraud, deliberate violation of workplace policies, or serious insubordination.
When You CAN Collect EI After Being Fired
If you were fired without cause — for performance reasons, due to a layoff, or because you weren't a good fit — you are generally eligible for EI benefits. Also eligible:
- Fired due to circumstances beyond your control
- Dismissed after workplace accommodation failed
- Terminated while on medical leave
- Constructively dismissed and forced to resign
How to Apply
Apply online at canada.ca/ei within 4 weeks of your last day. You'll need your Record of Employment (ROE) — your employer must issue this within 5 days of your last day. You need 420-700 insurable hours (depending on your region's unemployment rate) in the past 52 weeks.
If Your Claim Is Denied
If Service Canada denies your claim due to alleged misconduct, you can appeal. Many appeals succeed — employers often overstate the grounds for dismissal, and misconduct has a specific legal definition that isn't met in many terminations.